Studies of white matter microstructure in impulsive schizophrenia patients using DTI showed that lower FA (i.e., axonal disorganization) in the right inferior frontal area was associated with greater impulsivity ( Hoptman et al., 2002, 2004). Typically, in damaged white matter, Trace values are higher and FA values lower than in normal white matter presumably owing to axonal degeneration ( Beaulieu et al., 1996). DTI data can be visualized in a variety of ways such as image maps of scalar parameters including Trace, a measure of the magnitude of water diffusion in each image fractional and fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of the extent to which water diffusion in each voxel is directionally restricted. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MRI technique that measures the self-diffusion of water in brain tissue. Although there have been no brain-imaging studies of kleptomania, the literature suggests that damage to orbitofrontal–subcortical circuits may result in kleptomania ( Nyffeler and Regard, 2001). Some experts suggest that diversion from the criminal justice system to court-mandated treatment may be appropriate and cost-saving.Kleptomania is characterized by the impulse to steal objects not needed for personal use or their monetary value and the inability to control that impulse ( McElroy et al., 1991).In a 2015 Maine Supreme Court Case, a defense of "not guilty by reason of insanity" due to kleptomania was unsuccessful.Between 64 percent and 87 percent of kleptomania patients have been arrested, with between 15 percent and 23 percent incarcerated. Kleptomania takes an emotional and legal toll.Kleptomania induced by antidepressants usually appears abruptly and during the euthymic state following the remission of depression.On a related note, shoplifting commonly occurs in patients with Parkinson's disease during prodopamine administration. Venlafaxine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), and experts hypothesize that kleptomania secondary to venlafaxine administration could be due to heightened dopaminergic activity. In the literature, a few cases have highlighted kleptomania as an adverse effect of venlafaxine administration.Medications that may be effective in the treatment of kleptomania include SSRIs and opioid antagonists such as naltrexone.As with OCD, exposure and response prevention (ERP), a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), has been suggested to be effective in the treatment of kleptomania.These data may also support the conceptualization of kleptomania as an obsessive-compulsive related disorder rather than being allied to substance use or impulsive disorders.” They wrote, “Treatment approaches should incorporate these as possible treatment targets. According to the authors of a study in the Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, the severity of a kleptomania diagnosis was strongly correlated with feeling a “reward” from stealing, as well as comorbid compulsivity disorders such as OCD and anorexia nervosa.Suicide attempts linked to feelings of shame over shoplifting or associated personal problems are not uncommon. The items that they steal are typically unwanted/unneeded and are hoarded, discarded, given away, or returned to the store. People with the illness experience intrusive thoughts and urges associated with shoplifting, and often feel guilt, remorse, or depression after the act. Some testing has demonstrated that people with this condition are more impulsive and less inhibited, as well as sensation seeking. These urges are premature, poorly conceived, risky, and dangerous.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |